Residuos vegetales generados en plazas de mercado: alternativas para su valorización en la obtención de metabolitos de interés industrial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31908/19098367.2884Palabras clave:
Biomasa, biomoléculas, biorrefinería, economía circular, enzimasResumen
La generación de residuos de biomasa, como los residuos vegetales, es una de las problemáticas ambientales de mayor impacto y las estrategias de aprovechamiento de estos con frecuencia están enfocadas a la obtención de productos como bioabonos, compostaje o comida para animales. La tendencia en el área ha mostrado que los procesos de biorrefinería de la biomasa residual se ha constituido como una estrategia que, dentro del marco de la economía circular, puede valorizar estos residuos obteniendo biomoléculas de mayor interés para su aplicación en diferentes sectores industriales, generando un valor agregado a los procesos donde se generan estos residuos. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar diferentes alternativas de aprovechamiento de residuos vegetales generados en plazas de mercado en la obtención de productos con potencial industrial. Para esto, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos con una restricción de términos asociados al tema de estudio, que fueron clasificados de acuerdo a su aplicación en la obtención de diferentes productos, encontrando que dentro de las alternativas de uso se presenta el aprovechamiento de estos residuos para la elaboración de sustratos en la producción de enzimas microbianas, y de biomoléculas como polifenoles, carotenos, licopeno, vainillina, pectina, colorantes y productos como aceites esenciales.
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