Computación cuántica: de qubits a qudits

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31908/19098367.3279

Keywords:

Computación cuántica, qudits, sistemas cuánticos de alta dimensión, espacio de Hilbert

Abstract

La computación cuántica ha dependido tradicionalmente de los qubits, que son sistemas cuánticos de dos niveles, pero la creciente demanda de escalabilidad y expresividad ha impulsado interés en los qudits, su generalización natural a sistemas de mayor dimensión. Al expandir el espacio de Hilbert local a ℂd, los qudits permiten una codificación de información más densa, estructuras de entrelazamiento más ricas, y representaciones más compactas de circuitos multiqubit. Esta breve revisión contrasta qubits y qudits, examina las principales implementaciones físicas, y analiza aplicaciones representativas como machine learning cuántico, simulación cuántica, corrección de errores cuántica, comunicación cuántica y detección cuántica. Se destacan las ventajas algorítmicas y los logros experimentales alcanzados. Finalmente, se analizan los principales desafíos que actualmente limitan la escalabilidad de las plataformas basadas en qudits y se esbozan futuras líneas de investigación, incluyendo arquitecturas híbridas qubit–qudit, control asistido por IA y avances hacia una computación cuántica tolerante a fallos en dimensiones superiores.

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Author Biographies

  • Laura Tenjo Patiño, Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    Received her B.S. with honors in Engineering Physics from the National University of Colombia, Manizales, Colombia, in 2024. She is currently pursuing an M.Sc. in Physics at the same institution. She has participated in research projects in quantum computing, nanomaterials, and particle physics, contributing to experimental and computational studies across these fields. Her work spans both theoretical and applied aspects of emerging quantum technologies. Her research interests include quantum technologies, machine learning, and photonics.

    ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3002-3918.

  • Juan David Hormaza Pantoja, Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    Engineering Physicist and Mathematics student who is currently pursuing a Master’s degree in Physics at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales Campus. His main research interests lie in quantum computation, with a particular focus on the quantum simulation of gauge theories in high-energy Physics.

    ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8547-5491.

  • Alcides Montoya Cañola, Universidad Nacional de Colombia

    Physicist, M.Sc. in Computer Engineering, and Ph.D. in Systems Engineering from Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Currently Associate Professor at the Physics Department of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín Campus, and Director of the Center of Excellence in Quantum Computing and Artificial Intelligence. He has published books on quantum computing and artificial intelligence, with several additional titles in editorial process. Creator and host of the educational YouTube channel "Quantum Colombia" with over 3,000 subscribers. He leads multiple nationally and internationally funded research projects and actively participates in formulating public policies on generative AI use in Colombia. He promotes academic collaborations between Latin American and European institutions in quantum technologies. Senior Member of IEEE. His research interests include: quantum computing, machine learning, deep neural networks, quantum algorithms, and education in emerging technologies.

    ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9624-6133 

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Published

2026-07-05

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Vol. 19 No. 38 (2025)

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Artículos

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Copyright (c) 2025 Laura Tenjo-Patiño, Juan David Hormaza Pantoja, Alcides Montoya Cañola

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How to Cite

[1]
L. Tenjo Patiño, J. D. . Hormaza Pantoja, and A. . Montoya Cañola, “Computación cuántica: de qubits a qudits”, Entre cienc. ing., vol. 19, no. 38, pp. 29–36, Jul. 2026, doi: 10.31908/19098367.3279.
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