Predicting Phase-Transition in Phase Change Materials Slurries: A Molecular Simulation Approach

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31908/19098367.3302

Palabras clave:

energy efficiency, molecular descriptors, molecular dynamics, phase-change materials

Resumen

Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the phase-transition behavior and thermophysical properties of octadecane–water phase-change slurries across the solid–liquid transition range of the paraffin phase. Octadecane was used as a model system to assess the capability of the method to describe phase transitions at the molecular level. Diffusion coefficients, radial distribution functions, specific volume, rotational time correlation functions, and thermal conductivity were systematically evaluated as functions of temperature. All descriptors consistently identified the transition between 308 and 318 K, confirming the coherence of the simulation framework. Although the simulated transition temperature was slightly higher than experimental values, the expected thermophysical trends were accurately reproduced, demonstrating that molecular dynamics is a reliable tool for analyzing and optimizing phase-change materials for thermal energy storage applications.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Isabel Lado-Touriño, Universidad Europea de Madrid

    She received the Ph.D. degree in Chemical Sciences (Physical Chemistry) from the University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, in 1996. From 1996 to 2001, she was Associate Professor at the Institut Supérieur des Matériaux du Mans, Le Mans, France. Since 2001, she has been a faculty member at Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain, where she is currently Full Professor and Principal Investigator of the NANO-UEM Research Group. Her professional experience includes university teaching, supervision of undergraduate and postgraduate theses, and leadership of competitive research projects. Her research focuses on molecular simulation of nanomaterials for biomedical applications and energy-related technologies.

  • Rosario Gómez de Merodio Perea, Universidad Europea de Madrid,

    Rosario Gómez de Merodio Perea received a B.Sc. in Industrial Engineering from Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain, in 2008, an M.Sc. in Industrial Engineering from Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain, in 2011, an M.Sc. in Education and ICT from Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain, in 2015, and a Ph.D. in Control Engineering and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment from Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain, in 2023 (Extraordinary Doctorate Award, 2024). She is currently Associate Professor and Vice-Dean of the Design and Management area at Universidad Europea de Madrid. In 2024, she served as Director of the Online Department in the Faculty of Design and Creative Technologies. Previously, she worked as an industrial engineer at EULEN S.A. and at General Electric. Her research activity focuses on molecular modeling and simulation applied to advanced materials, sustainable cementitious composites, nanomaterials, and energy efficiency.

  • Olga Bernaldo Pérez, Universidad Europea de Madrid

    Olga Bernaldo holds a PhD in Multidisciplinary Engineering from the European University of Madrid (2017), a master’s degree in Renewable Energies from the same university (2013), and a bachelor’s degree in Geological Sciences from the Complutense University of Madrid (1995). She currently works as the director of the master’s program in Renewable Energy Transition in the Department of Industrial Engineering and as a lecturer in the Department of Civil Engineering at the European University of Madrid (Spain). Previously, she worked at IIC and later as director and CEO of Mekano Instrumentación, where she focused on the instrumentation and monitoring of civil engineering projects. Her research interests include Sustainable Development and its implementation in Higher Education Institutions; International Development Cooperation and Sustainability in areas related to water, renewable energies, and energy efficiency; and the study and analysis of learning methodologies, having participated in various projects.

  • Norma López Pérez, Universidad Europea de Madrid

    A professor at Tecnológico Nacional de México. Instituto Tecnológico de Pachuca. Previously, she served as Head of the High Voltage Laboratory Test, Plant Quality Manager, and Quality & Continuous Improvement Coordinator for 10 years in world-class electrical companies such as AEG, Alstom, and Areva. She holds a B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from Instituto Tecnológico de Pachuca and an M.Eng. in Quality and Productivity from Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey. She is currently enrolled in the Doctorate Program Industrial Instrumentation (Universidad Europea de Madrid), applied to intelligent transport and sustainable energy, with the doctoral project: Development and characterization of new phase change materials to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. Additionally, she conducted research focused on innovation and linkage models. 

Referencias

[1] Barbi, S., Barbieri, F., Marinelli, S., Rimini, B., Merchiori, S., Bottarelli, M., and Montorsi, M., (2022). Phase change material evolution in thermal energy storage systems for the building sector, with a focus on ground-coupled heat pumps. Polymers, 14, 620. 10.3390/polym14030620.

[2]Rostami, S., Afrand, M., Shahsavar, A., Sheikholeslami, M., Kalbasi, R., Aghakhani, S., Safdari, M., and Oztop, H.F., (2020). A review of melting and freezing processes of PCM/nano-PCM and their application in energy storage. Energy, 211, 118698. 10.1016/j.energy.2020.118698.

[3]Silva, T., Vicente, R., Amaral, C., and Figueiredo, A., (2016). Thermal performance of a window shutter containing PCM: numerical validation and experimental analysis. Appl. Energy, 179, 64. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.126.

[4]Kant, K., Shukla, A., and Sharma, A., (2017). Heat transfer studies of building brick containing phase change materials. Sol. Energy, 155, 1233. 10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.072.

[5] Faraj, K., Khaled, M., Faraj, J., Hachem, F., and Castelain, C., (2021). A review on phase change materials for thermal energy storage in buildings: heating and hybrid applications. Energy Storage, 33, 101913. 10.1016/j.est.2020.101913.

[6]Gholamibozanjani, G., and Farid, M., (2020). A comparison between passive and active PCM systems applied to buildings. J. Renew. Sustain. Energy, 162, 112. 10.1016/j.renene.2020.08.007.

[7]Lamrani, B., Johannes, K., and Kuznik, F., (2021). Phase change materials integrated into building walls: an updated review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 140, 110751. 10.1016/j.rser.2021.110751.

[8]Razak, R.A., Khang, A.C., Al Bakri, M.M., Yahya, Z., Junaidi, S., Muhamad, K., and Mohd, N.A., (2019). Paraffin as a phase change material in concrete for enhancing thermal energy storage. IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., Lodz, Poland. 10.1088/1757-899X/551/1/012093.

[9]Bharathiraja, R., Ramkumar, T., Selvakumar, M., Radhika, N., Praveenkumar, N., Mohanraj, M., and Mohamed Iqbal Shajahan, (2025). Advancements in paraffin wax phase change materials: a comprehensive review of enhancement techniques and thermal storage applications. Thermochim. Acta, 753, 180129. 10.1016/j.tca.2024.180129.

[10]Hassan, F., Jamil, F., Hussain, A., Ali, H.M., Jangua, M.M.,

Khushnood, S., Farhan, M., Altaf, K., Said, Z., and Li, C., (2022). Recent advancements in latent heat phase change materials and their applications for thermal energy storage and buildings: a state-of-the-art review. Sustain. Energy Technol. Assess., 49, 101646. 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101646.

[11]Kenisarin, M., Mahkamov, K., Kahvash, F., and Makhkamova, I., (2019). Enhancing thermal conductivity of paraffin wax 53–57 °C using expanded graphite. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 200, 110026. 10.1016/j.solmat.2019.110026.

[12]Faden, M., Höhlein, S., Wanner, J., König-Haagen, A., and Brüggemann, D., (2019). Review of thermophysical property data of n-octadecane for phase-change studies. Materials, 12, 2974. 10.3390/ma12182974. DOI: 10.3390/ma12182974.

[13]Berardi, U., and Gallardo, A.A., (2019). Properties of concretes enhanced with phase change materials for building applications. Energy Build., 199, 402. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.07.014.

[14]Hassan, A., Laghari, M.S., and Rashid, Y., (2016). Micro-encapsulated phase change materials: a review of encapsulation, safety and thermal characteristics. Sustainability, 8, 1046. 10.3390/su8101046.

[15]Rathore, P.K.S., and Shukla, S.K., (2020). An experimental evaluation of thermal behavior of the building envelope using macroencapsulated PCM for energy savings. Renew. Energy, 149, 1300. 10.1016/j.renene.2019.10.121.

[16]Chen, Y., Li, X., Gao, J., Yang, M., Liu, Y., and Tang, X., (2021). Carbon layer-modified mesoporous silica supporter for PEG to improve the thermal properties of composite phase change material. J. Mater. Sci., 56, 5786. 10.1007/s10853-020-05658-0.

[17]Chen, K., Yu, X., Tian, C., and Wang, J., (2014). Preparation and characterization of form-stable paraffin/polyurethane composites as phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Energy Convers. Manag., 77, 13. 10.1016/j.enconman.2013.09.006.

[18]Borri, E., Hua, N., Sciacovelli, A., Wu, D., Ding, Y., Li, Y., Brancato, V., Zhang, Y., Frazzica, A., Li, W., Yu, Z., Milian, Y.E., Ushak, S., Grágeda, M., and Cabeza, L.F., (2022). Phase change slurries for cooling and storage: an overview of research trends and gaps. Energies, 15, 6873. 10.3390/en15196873.

[19]McPhee, H., Soni, V., Saber, S., Zargartalebi, M., Riordon, J., Holmes, M., Toews, M., and Sinton, D., (2023). Rheological behavior of phase change slurries for thermal energy applications. Langmuir, 39, 119. 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02279.

[20]Zhang, P., Qiu, Z., and He, M., (2014). Review on microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCM) slurries: materials, rheological behavior and applications. Adv. Mater. Res., 953, 1109. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.953-954.1109.

[21]Zhang, H., Sun, S., Wang, X., and Wu, D., (2011). Fabrication of microencapsulated phase change materials based on n-octadecane core and silica shell through interfacial polycondensation. Colloids Surf. A, 389, 104. 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.08.042.

[22]Khan, Z., Khan, Z., and Ghafoor, A., (2016). A review of performance enhancement of PCM based latent heat storage system within the context of materials, thermal stability and compatibility. Energy Convers. Manag., 115, 132. 10.1016/j.enconman.2016.02.045.

[23]Cao, L., Tang, F., and Fang, G., (2014). Synthesis and characterization of microencapsulated paraffin with titanium dioxide shell as shape-stabilized thermal energy storage materials in buildings. Energy Build., 72, 31. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.12.018.

[24]Li, B., Liu, T., Hu, L., Wang, Y., and Gao, L., (2013). Fabrication and properties of microencapsulated paraffin@SiO2 phase change composite for thermal energy storage. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng., 1, 374. 10.1021/sc300082m.

Yesilyurt, M.K., and Comakli, O., (2023). Encapsulated phase change material slurries as working fluid in novel photovoltaic thermal liquid systems: a comprehensive review. Iran J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Mech. Eng., 47, 1275. 10.1007/s40997-023-00599-0.

[26]Rao, Z., Wang, S., Wu, M., Zhang, Y., and Li, F., (2012). Molecular dynamics simulations of melting behavior of alkane as phase change materials slurry. Energy Convers. Manag., 64, 152. 10.1016/j.enconman.2012.04.015.

[27]Wang, Y., Chen, Z., and Ling, X., (2016). A molecular dynamics study of nano-encapsulated phase change material slurry. Appl. Therm. Eng., 98, 835. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.085.

[28]Tafrishi, H., Sadeghzadeh, S., and Ahmadi, R., (2022). Molecular dynamics simulations of phase change materials for thermal energy storage: a review. RSC Adv., 12, 14776. 10.1039/D2RA02021H.

[29]BIOVIA, (2025). Materials Studio Amorphous Cell. [Online]. Available: [https://www.3ds.com/fileadmin/PRODUCTS-SERVICES/BIOVIA/PDF/biovia-material] (https://www.3ds.com/fileadmin/PRODUCTS-SERVICES/BIOVIA/PDF/biovia-material) studio-amorphous-cell.pdf.

[30]Rao, Z.H., Wang, S.F., and Zhang, Y.L., (2012). Simulation of heat dissipation with phase change material for cylindrical power battery. J. Energy Inst., 85, 38. 10.1179/1743967112Z.0000000007.

[31]Vélez, C., Khayet, M., and Ortiz de Zárate, J.M., (2015). Temperature-dependent thermal properties of solid/liquid phase change even-numbered n-alkanes: n-hexadecane, n-octadecane and n-eicosane. Appl. Energy, 143, 383. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.037.

[32]Rao, Z., Wang, S., and Peng, F., (2012). Self-diffusion of the nano-encapsulated phase change materials: a molecular dynamics study. Appl. Energy, 100, 303. 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.05.029.

[33]BIOVIA, (2025). Materials Studio Forcite. [Online]. Available: [https://www.3ds.com/fileadmin/PRODUCTS-SERVICES/BIOVIA/PDF/biovia-material-studio-forcite.pdf](https://www.3ds.com/fileadmin/PRODUCTS-SERVICES/BIOVIA/PDF/biovia-material-studio-forcite.pdf)

[34]Hoover, W.G., (1985). Canonical dynamics: equilibrium phase-space distributions. Phys. Rev. A, 31, 1695. 10.1103/PhysRevA.31.1695.

[35]Berendsen, H.J.C., Postma, J.P.M., Van Gunsteren, W.F., DiNola, A., and Haak, J.R., (1984). Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath. Chem. Phys., 81, 3684. 10.1063/1.448118.

[36]Sun, H., Ren, P., and Fried, J.R., (1998). The COMPASS force field: parameterization and validation for phosphazenes. Comput. Theor. Polym. Sci., 8, 229. 10.1016/S1089-3156(98)00042-7.

[37]Yang, J.S., Yang, C.L., Wang, M.S., Chen, B.D., and Ma, X.G., (2011). Crystallization of alkane melts induced by carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets: a molecular dynamics simulation study. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 15476. 10.1039/C1CP21067F.

[38]Liu, X., Lin, C., and Rao, Z., (2017). Diffusion and thermal conductivity of the mixture of paraffin and polystyrene for thermal energy storage: a molecular dynamics study. J. Energy Inst., 90, 534. 10.1016/j.joei.2016.05.006.

[39]Nie, C., Tong, X., and Peng, D., (2015). Paraffin confined in carbon nanotubes as nanoencapsulated phase change materials: experimental and molecular dynamics studies. RSC Adv., 5, 92812. 10.1039/C5RA18898E.

[40]Abbaspour, M., Jorabchi, M.N., Akbarzadeh, H., and Ebrahimnejad, A., (2021). Investigation of the thermal properties of phase change materials encapsulated in capped carbon nanotubes using molecular dynamics simulations. RSC Adv., 11, 24594. 10.1039/D1RA04052E.

[41]Zhang, Y., Venable, R.M., and Pastor, R.W., (1996). Molecular dynamics simulations of neat alkanes: the viscosity dependence of rotational relaxation. J. Phys. Chem., 100, 2652. 10.1021/jp952134n.

[42]Dutkowski, K., and Kruzel, M., (2021). Experimental investigation of the apparent thermal conductivity of microencapsulated phase-change-material slurry at the phase-transition temperature. Materials, 14, 4124. 10.3390/ma14154124.

[43]Müller-Plathe, F. (1997). A simple nonequilibrium molecular dynamics method for calculating the thermal conductivity. J. Chem. Phys., 106, 6082. 10.1063/1.473271.

[44]Zhang, G.H., and Zhao, C.Y., (2011). Thermal and rheological properties of microencapsulated phase change materials. Renew. Energy, 36, 2959. 10.1016/j.renene.2011.03.045.

[45]Karaipekli, A., Erdogan, T., and Barlak, S., (2019). The stability and thermophysical properties of a thermal fluid containing surface functionalized nanoencapsulated PCM. Thermochim. Acta, 682, 178406. 10.1016/j.tca.2019.178406.

[46]Joseph, M., and Sajith, V., (2019). An investigation on heat transfer performance of polystyrene encapsulated n-octadecane based nanofluid in square channel. Appl. Therm. Eng., 147, 756. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.10.126.

[47]Al-Waeli, A.H.A., Sopian, K., Chaichan, M.T., Kazem, H.A., Ibrahim, A., Mat, S., and Ruslan, M.H., (2017). Evaluation of the nanofluid and nano-PCM based photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system: an experimental study. Energy Convers. Manag., 151, 69

Descargas

Publicado

2026-08-04

Número

Sección

Artículos

Cómo citar

[1]
I. Lado-Touriño, R. Gómez de Merodio Perea, O. Bernaldo Pérez, and N. López Pérez, “Predicting Phase-Transition in Phase Change Materials Slurries: A Molecular Simulation Approach”, Entre cienc. ing., vol. 20, no. 40, pp. 9–16, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.31908/19098367.3302.

Artículos similares

31-40 de 404

También puede Iniciar una búsqueda de similitud avanzada para este artículo.